Shabbat in Israel and Jerusalem: What You Need to Know

The Sabbath, or “Shabbat,” is a day of rest observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening in Israel. In Jerusalem, Shabbat is particularly profound as the city’s deep spiritual significance is coupled with widespread observance of Jewish traditions.

Whether you’re a tourist, new resident, or someone seeking to understand the cultural and religions of Israel, knowing what to expect during Shabbat is key to navigating this unique period. Here’s what you need to know.

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When Does Shabbat Begin and End?

Shabbat begins just before sunset on Friday and ends after sunset on Saturday evening, lasting roughly 25 hours. The exact times vary based on the time of year, but the start is often signaled by the blowing of a siren across Jerusalem. In the winter, Shabbat may begin as early as 4:00 PM, while in the summer it can start closer to 7:00 PM.

Tip: If you’re in Jerusalem, you’ll notice a gradual slowing down of activity by Friday afternoon. It’s best to plan accordingly.

Public Transportation and Business Closures

In most of Israel, and especially in Jerusalem, public transportation ceases to operate during Shabbat. This includes buses and the light rail. Most businesses, restaurants, and shopping centers will also close. While some Arab-owned businesses and shops in East Jerusalem and non-kosher restaurants in West Jerusalem may remain open, the majority of the city will shut down.

If you need transportation during Shabbat in Jerusalem, taxis are available, though they can be more expensive due to demand. Alternatively, you can use ride-sharing apps like Gett. In cities like Tel Aviv, the closure of public transport is less noticeable due to the availability of private options like “Sherut” (shared taxis) and increased access to secular services.

Shabbat-Friendly Neighborhoods

Jerusalem is home to many religious communities where Shabbat is observed strictly. In ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) neighborhoods like Mea She’arim, photography, use of electronics, and immodest dress are considered disrespectful, especially during Shabbat. It’s a good idea to dress modestly and avoid these areas if you’re not familiar with local customs.

On the other hand, neighborhoods such as the German Colony, Talpiot, and Machane Yehuda Market may offer a more relaxed atmosphere. These places will have a mix of open businesses or alternative Shabbat experiences.

Shabbat Meals: A Cultural Highlight

If you’re staying in Israel for Shabbat, experiencing a traditional Shabbat meal is highly recommended. Many hotels in Jerusalem offer Shabbat dinners, featuring classic Jewish dishes like challah bread, gefilte fish, chicken soup, and kugel.

Another popular way to experience Shabbat is by participating in a home-hosted meal. Organizations such as Shabbat of a Lifetime offer visitors the opportunity to dine with local families. It’s a chance to experience blessings, songs, and the warmth of Jewish hospitality.

Religious Services and Ceremonies

For those interested in attending religious services, many synagogues across Jerusalem welcome visitors, whether you’re Jewish or not. One of the most moving experiences is welcoming Shabbat at the Western Wall (Kotel). On Friday evening, the plaza fills with worshippers, from ultra-Orthodox Jews to soldiers and tourists.

Note: While many synagogues have services in Hebrew, some offer English-friendly services, particularly in areas with more expatriates or tourists.

What Can You Do on Shabbat?

While Jerusalem’s Shabbat is a day of rest, it doesn’t mean everything grinds to a halt for tourists. Here are a few activities to enjoy:

• Old City Exploration: The Old City remains open, and it’s an excellent time to wander its quiet streets. The Muslim and Christian Quarters, along with the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and other Christian holy sites, are still accessible.

• Nature Walks: Many people enjoy taking leisurely strolls. The Tayelet Haas Promenade offers panoramic views of the city and is a lovely way to spend the day.

• Machane Yehuda Market: Though most vendors close for Shabbat, Friday afternoons at the market are busy with locals purchasing last-minute ingredients for their Shabbat meals. It’s worth visiting for the unique pre-Shabbat energy.

• Shabbat Picnics: Some parks, like Sacher Park, see local families gathering for Shabbat picnics. If you’re looking for a peaceful place to relax, consider packing a picnic and joining them.

Cultural Etiquette and Respect

While Shabbat is observed to varying degrees across Israel, Jerusalem is generally more conservative, especially in religious neighborhoods. Here are some important etiquette tips:

• Avoid driving through ultra-Orthodox neighborhoods on Shabbat, as this is seen as disrespectful. Streets in certain areas are even closed to vehicles during this time.

• Avoid using your phone or camera in religious areas, especially around the Western Wall and in ultra-Orthodox communities.

• Modest dress is appreciated, especially if you plan to visit religious sites or neighborhoods.

What Happens When Shabbat Ends?

The end of Shabbat, or Sabbath, is marked by a ceremony known as Havdalah, which separates the holy day from the rest of the week. After Havdalah, the city gradually comes back to life, with restaurants, cafes, and shops reopening. It’s a great time to visit Ben Yehuda Street or Emek Refaim for a post-Shabbat meal or to grab a drink as nightlife resumes.